Wednesday, 23 May 2012
Wednesday, 16 May 2012
Tuesday, 15 May 2012
The History of Twitter and top celebirty tweeters
Twitter is a website, owned and operated by Twitter inc., which offers a social networking and microblogging service, enabling its users to send and read messages called tweets. Tweets are text-based posts up to 140 characters displayed on the user's profile page. Tweets are publicly visible by default; however, senders can restrict the message delivery to just their followers. Users may subscribe to other users' tweets - this is known as following and subscribers are known as followers.
President Obama has 7,184,170 followers (28.3.11), and Twitter was key in his election victory. With a single mouse click, his campaign manager was able to send an SMS message into hundreds of thousands of mobile phones and e-mail accounts.
During the Mumbai terror attacks, Twitter members were broadcasting second by second updates by phone, which were used by the BBC, other news media, and by security services (and also unfortunately by the terrorists themselves) to try to understand what was happening in the chaos.
TOP 10 FOLLOWED CELEBS ON TWITTER. 2009
1. Stephen Fry: 98616 followers (2,390,000 on 28.3.11)
Read his Twitter feed at: Type of celebrity: Comedian, Actor, TV presenter, Wit
Typical Tweet: “600 people went to the theatre, not to to see Oliver but to compete in a paper & chocolate wrapper rustling competition. Others came to cough”
2. Lance Armstrong: 53813
Cyclist, record breaking Tour De France Winner
“Got the Knaggs' family/kids over here at the house. 6 kids ripping around. It's madness! Luke and 5 girls. Ha! Have a good weekend everyone!”
3. Britney Spears: 53290
“I love Japan! I think all the tiny cars are so cute! –Britney”
4. Rick Sanchez: 48825
American TV news anchor
“i twitter because i need as a journalist to get what viewers think and say. w/out them i'm just another talking head.they complete me, lol!”
5. Shaquille O'Neill: 46296
Basketball player, Actor
“Anotha sleepless nite, n twitter land, aaaaaggggghhhhhhh, whyyyyyyyyyyyy”
6. John Cleese: 44142
Actor, Comedian
“Thank you everyone for the messages. Remember I am practically dead, barely functional. Your patience is appreciated. Will blog again soon”
7. Jonathan Ross: 43432
Tv Presenter, Comedian
“You can lead a celeb to twitter but you can't always make them tweet.”
8. Al Gore: 38351
American politician, Former US Vice President, Environmentalist
“I'm advocating a US goal of 100% carbon-free electricity in 10 years. If you are interested in the plan, check today's NYT op-Ed on it”
9. MC Hammer: 34042
Rapper
“I appreciate all the love (tweets) of congratulations you sent to me about the Super Bowl commercial (Cash4Gold) ...it means a lot..thanks”
10. John Hodgman: 32097
Comedian
“Desk is clear for the first time since beginning of book tour. Apparently it is made of wood”
2011 - 28.3.11
Rio Ferdinand 700,000
Charlie Sheen 3,261,627
Theorists Linked to Twitter:
History
Since its creation in March 2006, and its launch in July 2006, by Jack Dorsey, Twitter has gained popularity worldwide and is estimated to have 190 million users, generating 65 million tweets a day and handling over 800,000 search queries per day. It is sometimes described as the "SMS of the internet".
Jack Dorsey (born November 19,1976) is an American software architect and business person best known as the creator of Twitter. MIT's technology review named him as an outstanding innovator under the age of 35.
Twitter's turnover in the US was $150 million dollars (projected in 2010)
Growth/Current Twitter
The company has experienced rapid growth. It had 400,000 tweets posted per quarter of a year in 2007. This grew to 100 million tweets posted per quarter of a year in 2008. In February 2010, Twitter users were sending 50 million tweets per day. By March 2010, the company recorded over 70,000 registered applications. As of June 2010, about 65 million tweets were posted each day, equaling about 750 tweets sent each second, according to Twitter.
Future
Potential impact Twitter could be greater than Facebook
Global Influence of Twitter on Communities, Companies, Politics
Twitter is by far the most important social networking trend for 2009, and has the potential to be larger than Facebook in terms of numbers of users multiplied by numbers of messages read or sent. Whatever you thought you knew about Twitter 12 weeks ago may already be a long time out of date.President Obama has 7,184,170 followers (28.3.11), and Twitter was key in his election victory. With a single mouse click, his campaign manager was able to send an SMS message into hundreds of thousands of mobile phones and e-mail accounts.
During the Mumbai terror attacks, Twitter members were broadcasting second by second updates by phone, which were used by the BBC, other news media, and by security services (and also unfortunately by the terrorists themselves) to try to understand what was happening in the chaos.
Twitter already third largest social network
Twitter is now the third largest social networking site after Facebook and MySpace, with 7 million Twitter accounts opened by April 2009, increasing by around half a million a month. Twitter is evolving very fast and is already having a huge impact on how companies and politicians are planning future campaigns. Twitter is transforming the daily lives of those who use the service and will have a huge global impact on how many tens of millions of people relate to each other.
TOP 10 FOLLOWED CELEBS ON TWITTER. 2009
1. Stephen Fry: 98616 followers (2,390,000 on 28.3.11)
Read his Twitter feed at: Type of celebrity: Comedian, Actor, TV presenter, Wit
Typical Tweet: “600 people went to the theatre, not to to see Oliver but to compete in a paper & chocolate wrapper rustling competition. Others came to cough”
2. Lance Armstrong: 53813
Cyclist, record breaking Tour De France Winner
“Got the Knaggs' family/kids over here at the house. 6 kids ripping around. It's madness! Luke and 5 girls. Ha! Have a good weekend everyone!”
3. Britney Spears: 53290
“I love Japan! I think all the tiny cars are so cute! –Britney”
4. Rick Sanchez: 48825
American TV news anchor
“i twitter because i need as a journalist to get what viewers think and say. w/out them i'm just another talking head.they complete me, lol!”
5. Shaquille O'Neill: 46296
Basketball player, Actor
“Anotha sleepless nite, n twitter land, aaaaaggggghhhhhhh, whyyyyyyyyyyyy”
6. John Cleese: 44142
Actor, Comedian
“Thank you everyone for the messages. Remember I am practically dead, barely functional. Your patience is appreciated. Will blog again soon”
7. Jonathan Ross: 43432
Tv Presenter, Comedian
“You can lead a celeb to twitter but you can't always make them tweet.”
8. Al Gore: 38351
American politician, Former US Vice President, Environmentalist
“I'm advocating a US goal of 100% carbon-free electricity in 10 years. If you are interested in the plan, check today's NYT op-Ed on it”
9. MC Hammer: 34042
Rapper
“I appreciate all the love (tweets) of congratulations you sent to me about the Super Bowl commercial (Cash4Gold) ...it means a lot..thanks”
10. John Hodgman: 32097
Comedian
“Desk is clear for the first time since beginning of book tour. Apparently it is made of wood”
2011 - 28.3.11
Rio Ferdinand 700,000
Charlie Sheen 3,261,627
Theorists Linked to Twitter:
- "SMS of the internet" linked to Dan Gillmor as it's by the people, for the people.
- The Araba uprisings linked to twitter coincide with Althusser who believed in the Repressive state apparatus. This keeps the status quo because they (those in power) can beat you into submission with their repression ‘machine.’ So when bloggers in the Arab world wrote about protesting and such they were forcefully taken from their own homes and beaten and tortured because of their 'free world' beliefs.
- The popular culture of Twitter and the fact celebrities have twitter means that what they say influences the average joe's as the celebrities can be controlled in what they write. Naom Chomskey who is an outspoken critic of government policy, has argued that in fully censored societies the media manipulate the population, whom he has called the “bewildered herd.” By suppressing information, selectively choosing topics and distorting political discussion.
- The fact that Blogging has turned into micro-blogging (i.e. twitter) means that ideological state apparatus denote institutions such as education, the churches, family, media, trade unions, and law, which were formally outside state control but which served to transmit the values of the state and to maintain order in a society. Now are controlled and so Twitter is not for normal individuals to post their views but it helps to control society as we are forced to believe in the normal ideologies that our specific society have set but made to think we have made them ourselves.
- The global influence of Twitter is suggested to be underlying capitalism. Gramsci suggested Capitalism maintained control not just through violence and politicics, but also ideologically, through a hegemonic culture in which the values of the bourgeoisie became the 'common sense' values of all. Thus a consensus culture developed in which people in the working-class identified their own good with the good of the bourgeoisie, and helped to maintain the status quo rather than revolting.
Blogs
The term "weblog" was coined by Jorn Barger on 17 December 1997. The short form, "blog," was coined by Peter Merholz, who jokingly broke the word weblog into the phrase we blog in the sidebar of his blog Peterme.com in April or May 1999. Shortly thereafter, Evan Williams at Pyra Labs used "blog" as both a noun and verb ("to blog," meaning "to edit one's weblog or to post to one's weblog") and devised the term "blogger" in connection with Pyra Labs' Blogger product, leading to the popularization of the terms.
The modern blog evolved from the online diary, where people would keep a running account of their personal lives. Most such writers called themselves diarists, journalists, or journalers.
Another early blog was Wearable Wireless Webcam, an online shared diary of a person's personal life combining text, video, and pictures transmitted live from a wearable computer and EyeTap device to a web site in 1994.
Political impact
Since 2002, blogs have gained increasing notice and coverage for their role in breaking, shaping, and spinning news stories. The Iraq war saw bloggers taking measured and passionate points of view that go beyond the traditional left-right divide of the political spectrum. Blogs were among the driving forces behind the "Rathergate" scandal. To wit: (television journalist) Dan Rather presented documents (on the CBS show 60 Minutes) that conflicted with accepted accounts of President Bush's military service record. Bloggers said the documents to be forgeries and presented evidence and arguments in support of that view. Consequently, CBS apologized for what it said were inadequate reporting techniques (see Little Green Footballs). Many bloggers view this scandal as the advent of blogs' acceptance by the mass media, both as a news source and opinion and as means of applying political pressure.
The impact of these stories gave greater credibility to blogs as a medium of news dissemination. Though often seen as partisan gossips,[citation needed] bloggers sometimes lead the way in bringing key information to public light, with mainstream media having to follow their lead. More often, however, news blogs tend to react to material already published by the mainstream media. Meanwhile, an increasing number of experts blogged, making blogs a source of in-depth analysis. (See Daniel Drezner, J. Bradford DeLong or Brad Setser.)
Mainstream popularity
The role of blogs became increasingly mainstream by 2004, as political consultants, news services, and candidates began using them as tools for outreach and opinion forming. Blogging was established by politicians and political candidates to express opinions on war and other issues and cemented blogs' role as a news source. Even politicians not actively campaigning, such as the UK's Labour Party's MP Tom Watson, began to blog to bond with constituents. Israel's was among the first national governments to set up an official blog. Under David Saranga, the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs became active in adopting Web 2.0 initiatives, including an official video blog and a political blog. The impact of blogging upon the mainstream media has also been acknowledged by governments. In 2009, the presence of the American journalism industry had declined to the point that several newspaper corporations were filing for bankruptcy, resulting in less direct competition between newspapers within the same circulation area. Discussion emerged as to whether the newspaper industry would benefit from a stimulus package by the federal government. President Barack Obama acknowledged the emerging influence of blogging upon society by saying "if the direction of the news is all blogosphere, all opinions, with no serious fact-checking, no serious attempts to put stories in context, that what you will end up getting is people shouting at each other across the void but not a lot of mutual understanding”.
Political Blogs
A political blog is a type of blog that comments on politics and it is very common. In liberal democracies having the right to criticize the government without interference is considered an important element of free speech. In other jurisdictions bloggers use the uncensored nature of the internet to bypass state controlled news media but as a result may find themselves persecuted.
It is considered that political blogs have a stated political bias. Although professional journalists covering mainstream media news are often pursuing objectivity, political bloggers openly talk about their personal opinions. But according to a book published by Oxford University Press, research by Brigham Young University political scientist Professor Richard Davis found that most people who follow both political blogs and traditional news media tend to believe that the content on blogs is more accurate. The study also found that blog readers still get most of their news from regular news sources, but they suspect habitual bias. Data from this study is supported by the propaganda model. Stating political bias at the outset is therefore seen as being more honest.
Political blogs have many positive and negative ways of branching out. Whereas some political blogs offer new insight and accurate reporting, others openly commit libel and slander. Overall, political blogs encourage readers to evaluate their media. Above everything, political blogs have unquestionably shaped the political arena including the voters and the political leaders.
Blurring with mass media
Many bloggers, particularly those involved in participatory journalism, differentiate themselves from the mainstream media, while others are members of that media working through a different channel. Some institutions think blogging is a means of "getting around the filter" and pushing messages directly to the public. Some critics think that bloggers respect neither copyright nor the role of the mass media in presenting society with credible news.
Types of Blogs
There are many different types of blogs, differing not only in the type of content, but also in the way that content is delivered or written.
Personal blogs
The personal blog, an ongoing diary or commentary by an individual, is the traditional, most common blog. Personal bloggers usually take pride in their blog posts, even if their blog is never read. Blogs often become more than a way to just communicate; they become a way to reflect on life, or works of art. Blogging can have a sentimental quality. Few personal blogs rise to fame and the mainstream, but some personal blogs quickly garner an extensive following. One type of personal blog, referred to as a microblog, is extremely detailed and seeks to capture a moment in time. Some sites, such as Twitter, allow bloggers to share thoughts and feelings instantaneously with friends and family, and are much faster than emailing or writing.
Corporate and organizational blogs
A blog can be private, as in most cases, or it can be for business purposes. Blogs used internally to enhance the communication and culture in a corporation or externally for marketing, branding or public relations purposes are called corporate blogs. Similar blogs for clubs and societies are called club blogs, group blogs, or by similar names; typical use is to inform members and other interested parties of club and member activities.
By genre
Some blogs focus on a particular subject, such as political blogs, travel blogs (also known as travelogs), house blogs,[23][24] fashion blogs, project blogs, education blogs, niche blogs, classical music blogs, quizzing blogs and legal blogs (often referred to as a blawgs) or dreamlogs. Two common types of genre blogs are art blogs and music blogs. A blog featuring discussions especially about home and family is not uncommonly called a mom blog.[25][26][27][28][29] While not a legitimate type of blog, one used for the sole purpose of spamming is known as a Splog.
By media type
A blog comprising videos is called a vlog, one comprising links is called a linklog, a site containing a portfolio of sketches is called a sketchblog or one comprising photos is called a photoblog.[30] Blogs with shorter posts and mixed media types are called tumblelogs. Blogs that are written on typewriters and then scanned are called typecast or typecast blogs; see typecasting (blogging). A rare type of blog hosted on the Gopher Protocol is known as a Phlog.
By device
Blogs can also be defined by which type of device is used to compose it. A blog written by a mobile device like a mobile phone or PDA could be called a moblog.[31] One early blog was Wearable Wireless Webcam, an online shared diary of a person's personal life combining text, video, and pictures transmitted live from a wearable computer and EyeTap device to a web site. This practice of semi-automated blogging with live video together with text was referred to as sousveillance. Such journals have been used as evidence in legal matters.
The modern blog evolved from the online diary, where people would keep a running account of their personal lives. Most such writers called themselves diarists, journalists, or journalers.
Another early blog was Wearable Wireless Webcam, an online shared diary of a person's personal life combining text, video, and pictures transmitted live from a wearable computer and EyeTap device to a web site in 1994.
Political impact
Since 2002, blogs have gained increasing notice and coverage for their role in breaking, shaping, and spinning news stories. The Iraq war saw bloggers taking measured and passionate points of view that go beyond the traditional left-right divide of the political spectrum. Blogs were among the driving forces behind the "Rathergate" scandal. To wit: (television journalist) Dan Rather presented documents (on the CBS show 60 Minutes) that conflicted with accepted accounts of President Bush's military service record. Bloggers said the documents to be forgeries and presented evidence and arguments in support of that view. Consequently, CBS apologized for what it said were inadequate reporting techniques (see Little Green Footballs). Many bloggers view this scandal as the advent of blogs' acceptance by the mass media, both as a news source and opinion and as means of applying political pressure.
The impact of these stories gave greater credibility to blogs as a medium of news dissemination. Though often seen as partisan gossips,[citation needed] bloggers sometimes lead the way in bringing key information to public light, with mainstream media having to follow their lead. More often, however, news blogs tend to react to material already published by the mainstream media. Meanwhile, an increasing number of experts blogged, making blogs a source of in-depth analysis. (See Daniel Drezner, J. Bradford DeLong or Brad Setser.)
Mainstream popularity
The role of blogs became increasingly mainstream by 2004, as political consultants, news services, and candidates began using them as tools for outreach and opinion forming. Blogging was established by politicians and political candidates to express opinions on war and other issues and cemented blogs' role as a news source. Even politicians not actively campaigning, such as the UK's Labour Party's MP Tom Watson, began to blog to bond with constituents. Israel's was among the first national governments to set up an official blog. Under David Saranga, the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs became active in adopting Web 2.0 initiatives, including an official video blog and a political blog. The impact of blogging upon the mainstream media has also been acknowledged by governments. In 2009, the presence of the American journalism industry had declined to the point that several newspaper corporations were filing for bankruptcy, resulting in less direct competition between newspapers within the same circulation area. Discussion emerged as to whether the newspaper industry would benefit from a stimulus package by the federal government. President Barack Obama acknowledged the emerging influence of blogging upon society by saying "if the direction of the news is all blogosphere, all opinions, with no serious fact-checking, no serious attempts to put stories in context, that what you will end up getting is people shouting at each other across the void but not a lot of mutual understanding”.
Political Blogs
A political blog is a type of blog that comments on politics and it is very common. In liberal democracies having the right to criticize the government without interference is considered an important element of free speech. In other jurisdictions bloggers use the uncensored nature of the internet to bypass state controlled news media but as a result may find themselves persecuted.
It is considered that political blogs have a stated political bias. Although professional journalists covering mainstream media news are often pursuing objectivity, political bloggers openly talk about their personal opinions. But according to a book published by Oxford University Press, research by Brigham Young University political scientist Professor Richard Davis found that most people who follow both political blogs and traditional news media tend to believe that the content on blogs is more accurate. The study also found that blog readers still get most of their news from regular news sources, but they suspect habitual bias. Data from this study is supported by the propaganda model. Stating political bias at the outset is therefore seen as being more honest.
Political blogs have many positive and negative ways of branching out. Whereas some political blogs offer new insight and accurate reporting, others openly commit libel and slander. Overall, political blogs encourage readers to evaluate their media. Above everything, political blogs have unquestionably shaped the political arena including the voters and the political leaders.
Blurring with mass media
Many bloggers, particularly those involved in participatory journalism, differentiate themselves from the mainstream media, while others are members of that media working through a different channel. Some institutions think blogging is a means of "getting around the filter" and pushing messages directly to the public. Some critics think that bloggers respect neither copyright nor the role of the mass media in presenting society with credible news.
Types of Blogs
There are many different types of blogs, differing not only in the type of content, but also in the way that content is delivered or written.
Personal blogs
The personal blog, an ongoing diary or commentary by an individual, is the traditional, most common blog. Personal bloggers usually take pride in their blog posts, even if their blog is never read. Blogs often become more than a way to just communicate; they become a way to reflect on life, or works of art. Blogging can have a sentimental quality. Few personal blogs rise to fame and the mainstream, but some personal blogs quickly garner an extensive following. One type of personal blog, referred to as a microblog, is extremely detailed and seeks to capture a moment in time. Some sites, such as Twitter, allow bloggers to share thoughts and feelings instantaneously with friends and family, and are much faster than emailing or writing.
Corporate and organizational blogs
A blog can be private, as in most cases, or it can be for business purposes. Blogs used internally to enhance the communication and culture in a corporation or externally for marketing, branding or public relations purposes are called corporate blogs. Similar blogs for clubs and societies are called club blogs, group blogs, or by similar names; typical use is to inform members and other interested parties of club and member activities.
By genre
Some blogs focus on a particular subject, such as political blogs, travel blogs (also known as travelogs), house blogs,[23][24] fashion blogs, project blogs, education blogs, niche blogs, classical music blogs, quizzing blogs and legal blogs (often referred to as a blawgs) or dreamlogs. Two common types of genre blogs are art blogs and music blogs. A blog featuring discussions especially about home and family is not uncommonly called a mom blog.[25][26][27][28][29] While not a legitimate type of blog, one used for the sole purpose of spamming is known as a Splog.
By media type
A blog comprising videos is called a vlog, one comprising links is called a linklog, a site containing a portfolio of sketches is called a sketchblog or one comprising photos is called a photoblog.[30] Blogs with shorter posts and mixed media types are called tumblelogs. Blogs that are written on typewriters and then scanned are called typecast or typecast blogs; see typecasting (blogging). A rare type of blog hosted on the Gopher Protocol is known as a Phlog.
By device
Blogs can also be defined by which type of device is used to compose it. A blog written by a mobile device like a mobile phone or PDA could be called a moblog.[31] One early blog was Wearable Wireless Webcam, an online shared diary of a person's personal life combining text, video, and pictures transmitted live from a wearable computer and EyeTap device to a web site. This practice of semi-automated blogging with live video together with text was referred to as sousveillance. Such journals have been used as evidence in legal matters.
Thursday, 10 May 2012
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